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Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Analysis of The Allegory of the Cave by Plato :: Philosophy Plato
An Analysis of The Allegory of the Cave by Plato The Allegory of the Cave is Plato's clarification of the instruction of the spirit toward illumination. He considers it to be what happens when somebody is taught to the degree of savant. He fights that they should return into the cavern or come back to the ordinary universe of legislative issues, voracity and force battles. The Allegory additionally assaults individuals who depend upon or are captives to their faculties. The chains that dilemma the detainees are the faculties. The fun of the purposeful anecdote is to attempt to place all the subtleties of the buckle under your understanding. As it were, what are the models the gatekeepers convey? the fire? the battle out of the cavern? the daylight? the shadows on the cavern divider? Socrates, in Book VII of The Republic, soon after the purposeful anecdote revealed to us that the cavern was our reality and the fire was our sun. He said the way of the detainee was our spirit's climb to information or edification. He compared our univ erse of sight with the astuteness' universe of supposition. Both were at the base of the stepping stool of information. Our universe of sight permits us to see things that are not genuine, for example, equal lines and flawless circles. He considers this higher understanding the world theoretical Reality or the Intelligeble world. He likens this theoretical reality with the information that originates from thinking lastly understanding. On the physical side, our universe of sight, the phases of development are first acknowledgment of pictures (the shadows on the cavern divider) at that point the acknowledgment of articles (the models the gatekeepers convey) To comprehend dynamic reality requires the comprehension of arithmetic lastly the structures or the Ideals of all things (the world outside the cavern). Yet, our comprehension of the physical world is reflected in our brains by our perspectives. First comes creative mind (Socrates barely cared about inventiveness), at that point o ur unwarranted however genuine convictions. Supposition offers approach to information through thinking (adapted however science). At long last, the acknowledgment of the structures is reflected by the degree of Understanding in the Ways of Thinking. The way in to the battle for information is the thinking abilities procured through arithmetic as they are applied to getting ourselves. The shadows on the cavern divider change persistently and are of minimal worth, yet the truth outside the cavern never shows signs of change and that makes it significant.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Reflection on Perceptions and Meaning of Health - Illness and Death
Question: Talk about theReflection on Perceptions and Meaning of Health, Illness and Death. Answer: Presentation Maggies story of expectation, recuperation, and mending in the wake of being associated with a terrible mishap clarifies the patients viewpoint on wellbeing and ailment. She had continued hip and spine wounds just as mind and lung wounds. The main individual to react to the mishap scene was a volunteer fireman inside the primary hour of the event which appeared to Susan as the best thing to happen to her that has added to her being alive. She was traveled to a clinic where she remained in a comma for a month. Subsequently, she got incredible empathy and comprehension from relatives and companions as well as from the medicinal services suppliers and the general clinic staff (www.youtube.com, 2013). This contributed a lot towards enthusiastic, mental and physical recuperation in the midst of sadness, uncertainty of ever recouping, and dread. Maggies story brought me blended sentiments of being sorry a for what she needed to experience and a feeling of motivation of the trust she had in social insurance suppliers. I think it is the duty of care suppliers consistently to give consolation and any help to empower the patient to recover. Since most patients have a self-care shortfall, they in many cases feel that their circumstance may deteriorate. Hence, the patient-nurture relationship ought to be given top need as it straightforwardly impacts the patients clinical experience. These sentiments incited me to consider the passionate effect attendants have on their patients. One of the essential jobs of attendants is to ease uneasiness in patients to advance physical recuperation. In this manner, the attendants are required to accomplish more than the characterized jobs by making a remedial relationship with the customer. This can be urging to the patient as it additionally advances tolerant pride. Rather than what I had consistently known to be valid, patients have a more noteworthy trust in medicinal services suppliers, and they ought to endeavor to keep up it by giving quality consideration. This consideration gave me an understanding of what patients experience and what are their desires from medical caretakers in the circumstances that they are required to settle on hard decisions about their conditions. It is basic for medical caretakers to move toward every circumstance while thinking about its uniqueness and tending to comprehensive needs of the customer, family, and family members (Burton Ludwig, 2014). In addition, the reliance of patients on the consideration suppliers contrasts starting with one then onto the next, an inclination that is controlled by pre-created ways of dealing with stress. Recuperation is a huge accomplishment for a patient and along these lines attendants should show concern and enthusiasm to enable the patient to recover wellbeing. References Burton, M., Ludwig, L. J. M. (2014).Fundamentals of nursing care: Concepts, Connections aptitudes. Philadelphia: Davis Company Www.youtube.com (2013, August 29).Maggies story of expectation, recuperation healingRetrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb0FwrZH2q4
Tuesday, August 18, 2020
A Brief History of Debtors Prisons
A Brief History of Debtors Prisons A Brief History of Debtors Prisons A Brief History of Debtors PrisonsDoes a prison for not paying your debts sound like something from a nightmarish future? Wrong! Its a real thing from our nightmarish past!You know what would be really messed up? A prison for people who werenât able to pay their debts. It just doesnât seem fair, does it? Good thing we just made it up!Except we didnât! Debtorsâ prisons were real institutions, and many would argue theyâve never really gone away. Itâs as interesting as it is depressing. Thatâs why we compiled a brief history of debtorsâ prisons, which weâre now presenting to you.But first, something nice and cute before we get into the downer stuff. Check out this corgi!OK, got your fill? Letâs head back to the Middle Ages.Debtors prisons: Origins.Systems of debt bondage have existed for thousands of years. It was a common practice throughout Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. A person who owed a debt could be compelled into serving their creditor for many years. These sorts of practices spun-off into debtorsâ prisons in the Middle Ages, though debt bondage continued to exist and is still practiced in many parts of the world.âA debtorsâ prison is a prison where people who were unable to pay legal debts were incarcerated until they worked off the debt, or they got enough money from the outside to pay the amount,â explained Joe Bailey, operations manager at My Trading Skills (@MyTradingSkills).âThese prisons are speculated to have begun during the Middle Ages in Europe where debtors were thrown into cells until their families were able to pay off these debts.âYouâve probably heard someone refer to jail as âthe clink.â What you may not have realized is that itâs the name of a real prison in England. The Clink was built in 1144 and was in operation for centuries. That means it housed all manner of prisoners over the years, including many debtors.Even the famous could end up in debtorsâ prison. William Hughton, playwright an d Shakespearean contemporary, found himself in The Clink for failing to pay back a loan from London entrepreneur Philip Henslowe.One can only imagine that the common folk with less connections would often be even worse off.Coming to America.When Europeans began colonizing the Americas, many of them put themselves into debt bondage to pay for the trip. And much like smallpox, the tradition of debt prisons also made its way across the ocean.âDebtorsâ prisons began popping up in America during the 19th century,â continued Bailey. âAt that time, locking up people for failing to pay their debts was considered a legal practice.âOnce again, even American bigwigs (and they were often wearing literal big wigs back then) could end up in debtorsâ prison. Robert Morris, one of the Founding Fathers, had a big part in helping the young nation get its finances in order. Unfortunately, he wasnât as capable when it came to managing his own finances.Morris borrowed significant sums of m oney to buy Western land, overextending his credit obligations without a means to repay them. He was thrown in debtorsâ prison in 1798 and spent the rest of his years in poverty.âThese prisons were prevalent across the US until federal law made it illegal to imprison debtors in 1833,â concluded Bailey.The end ⦠Or is it?Much like the villain in a slasher movie, debt prisons didnât really die. Despite much celebration when the law seemed to have killed them, the camera panned down and the hand of the debt prison emerged from the swamp.âDebtors prisons have taken many forms over the years,â reiterated criminal justice journalist Dan King (@Kinger_Liberty). âIn the 1800s, there were specific jails dedicated to housing those who had failed to pay their debts. In 1833 Congress outlawed debtors prisons and in 1983 the Supreme Court ruled that in order to jail a person for failure to pay a fine or fee, the judge must first consider if the person was willfully choosing not t o pay.âThis has not stopped law enforcement agencies from jailing poor folks over an inability to pay fees, often before they are even charged with a crime. For example, in 2015 a bedridden Missouri man who was living on a $488 Social Security check was jailed for not paying $464 worth of fees after his house was condemned by the city and he chose to continue living there. Certainly, his inability to pay such a fee was not willful.âAnother form of modern debtors prisons is the practice of suspending individuals drivers licenses for unpaid fines or fees, which is currently done in 40 states across the country. When a persons license is suspended, especially in rural neighborhoods, it makes it nearly impossible to maintain steady work and thus to pay off the fines and fees they owe. Often these people will choose to drive without a license, so they can get to work and pay off these fees. But, if they are caught driving without a license, they can end up behind bars.âGetting arre sted isnât free, and even though âinnocent until proven guiltyâ is supposed to be the underlying principle of the justice system, in practice, you can spend a lot of time in jail without having ever been convicted of a crime.Being unable to afford court fees or bail can lead to a modern form of debtorsâ prison, and unlike the previous debtorsâ prisons weâve discussed, these are just for poor people. The big wigs will almost always find a way to make bail, assuming they arenât just released on their own recognizance because theyâre a âpillar of their local community,â unlikely to avoid their trial dates.While debtorsâ prisons may be officially gone, itâs obvious thereâs a long way to go. It really makes us wish we had made it up. To read more stories about financial history, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:The Secret Financial History of VotingA Brief History of Point-Shaving in College BasketballHow Have Movie Starsâ Salaries Chang ed Over Time?National One Cent Day: The Long History (and Murky Future) of the U.S. PennyDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us on Facebook and Twitter. | InstagramContributorsJoe Bailey is the Operations Manager at My Trading Skills (@MyTradingSkills), a financial trading courses provider. His experience includes web development, UX and conversion rate optimization for both B2B and B2C.Dan King (@Kinger_Liberty) is a Young Voices contributor, communications professional justice writer residing in Arlington, Virginia. Dan writes extensively on issues of surveillance, privacy, and civil liberties. Heâs been published in The American Conservative, Reason, The Weekly Standard, The Week, and has been seen on FOX 5 DC and CRTVâs âKibbe On Libertyâ.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Essay On Hassan As An Archetype - 1014 Words
The use of Archetypes in literature is highly prevalent. A common archetype is the saviour archetype, also known as the messianic or Christ-like figure. Usually the protagonist, the Christ-like figure exhibits qualities that parallel that of the biblical Jesus, through characterization, and symbolic actions. There are a few common traits exhibited by this character, including, but not limited to, being self-sacrificing and loyal, manifestations of divine qualities, displaying kindness or forgiveness. With the advent of postmodern literature, authors tend to avoid the theme of resurrection, but rather focus on a symbolic martyr; sacrificing himself for the greater good. Authors frequently and consistently make use of this archetypal figureâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The novel The Kite Runner is a work of art, worthy of investigation and analysis, not only due to the use of the archetypal savior figure in advising the theme of the novel, but also due to the interesting literary tech niques employed by Hosseini, in developing this archetypal figure. The research question allows me to have a greater understanding of the conventional archetypal characters, which opens me up to a new perspective and lens, when viewing all forms of literature. Hosseini incorporation of cultural conventions and hierarchy introduces the complex relationship between Hassan and Amir. Hassan was a member of the Hazara caste; a historically socially, politically and economically oppressed group. In contrast, Amir was a Pashtun, a historically dominant, richer and overall higher caste. The conflict between Hazaras and Pashtuns stems from a difference in religious beliefs. The Hazaras were Shiââ¬â¢a Muslims, whereas Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims. Their conflict regarding the successor to Prophet Muhammed, translated into social, and economic oppression and persecution. ââ¬Å"Throughout Afghan History, the Pashtuns [held] the highest influential rank above other ethnic groups, specifically the Hazarasâ⬠. Hosseini directly infuses this historical context into the text when Amir found a history book, wherein he learned that ââ¬Å"â⬠¦the Pashtunsâ⬠¦had persecuted and oppressed the
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Essay on Early American History and Traditions of Excellence
In 1607, the first colonists came to settle America and founded Jamestown Virginia. Hoping to escape religious persecution, the Puritans followed in 1620 after trekking across the Atlantic Ocean in the Mayflower. The first winter faced the homeless and foodless Puritans with brutal conditions. After only being there for eight months, half of the original group died, leaving them with only four women. Following the first harvest, those still alive celebrated their well being with the first Thanksgiving. From 1630 to 1647, more Puritans came over and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the same time relationship tensions with the neighboring Native Americans became heightened (Campbell, 2011, para. 5). By 1636, the first war againstâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦By 1738, the Puritan religion began to decline. Increasingly more people drifted away from the church, or did not attend at all. Even more only went through the motions instead of having a true relationship with the Lo rd. This started a religious revival, known as the Great Awaking, which swept through the colonies. Hoping to promote this, priests delivered sermons encouraging the congregation to devote their life to Christ. One man known for his particularly fiery sermons was Jonathan Edwards (Campbell, 2007, para. 8). Despite all efforts, the Great Awakening failed and within a few decades the Puritan religion vanished completely. In the years following the Great Awakening, the mainstream of the French and Indian battles began. At the time, a massive conflict known as the Seven Years War was occurring in Europe. The French and Indian wars were a part of this bigger war. While the treaty of Paris ended this war in Great Britainââ¬â¢s favor in 1763, it was only the beginning of hostilities between the colonists and Great Britain. Great Britain used their newfound control over America to their advantage. Wishing to alleviate the massive debt Great Britain encountered after the Seven Years War, the King, King George III, taxed the colonists. This angered the colonists, as they did not have any representation in the British parliament. America declared themselves free in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Revolutionary War officially broke out in 1779.Show MoreRelatedThe Negro Digs Up His Past1700 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe Past? This article ââ¬Å"The Negro Digs Up His Pastââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ by Arthur schomburg on 1925, elaborates more on the struggles of slavery as well as how history tend to be in great need of restoration through mindfully exploring on the past. The article, however started with an interesting sentence which caught my attention, especially when the writer says ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢The American Negro must remark his past in order to make his futureââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (670). 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Black emphasis on its concepts eventually urges sc hools in ââ¬Å" reinforcing the concept that all cultures must be respected and appreciated for their cultural attributions to America as well as to World Historyâ⬠(Hale 269). This will provoke Blacks to haveRead MoreThe Negro Digs Up His Past By Arthur Schomburg1549 Words à |à 7 Pages The article ââ¬Å"The Negro Digs Up His Pastââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ by Arthur schomburg on 1925, elaborates more on the struggles of slavery as well as how history tend to be in great need of restoration through mindfully exploring on the past. The article, however started with an interesting sentence which caught my attention, especially when the writer says ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢The American Negro must remark his past in order to make his futureââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ (670). 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He is a husky singer, often with a trumpet in his hand. He played dramatic works of simple structure in Orleans jazz style and with the accompaniment of Dick jazz music. Each of the books on jazz music will mention his name. Louis Armstrong was to jazzRead MoreNontraditional Casting944 Words à |à 4 PagesHollywood looks for actors that fit the physical and talent description directors are looking for. Hollywood work with what they only have, not based on color. Hollywood actually takes advantage of the multicultural world. If they need an African American, American Asian, Indian, Mexican actor theyââ¬â¢ll scout out for the ones they desire. Itââ¬â¢s true that majority of movies and TV shows are Caucasian actors, that is only because this is America. If we were to go to Mexico, majority actors on movies and TV
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Planning a Birthday Free Essays
Planning a birthday party may seem like a simple project, but it may be difficult and require a lot of work. In order to plan a successful party, you need to have excellent organizational skills, find a good location, secure a sufficient budget and have plenty volunteers. Beginning the process, you will need to have excellent organizational skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning a Birthday or any similar topic only for you Order Now This comes in handy as you figure out a list of people to invite including, family relatives, friends, and co-workers. You may fill out invitation cards and get them in the mail at least one week before the party. You need to give the guests enough time to R. S. V. P, so you will know how many people will be attending the birthday party. If you have the party at your house you will need to invite your neighbors. Having a party at your home sometimes comes with a lot of noise, your guests may park their cars by your neighborââ¬â¢s house and you donââ¬â¢t want to trouble your neighbors. After you know how many people will be joining the birthday party, you need to start compiling a list of food, alcohol beverages, soft drinks, and party supplies such as paper plates, plastic forks, cups, napkins, decoration, games and possibly entertainment. Next choose an appropriate location to have your event. Possible places are: restaurants, clubs, hotel suites, ballrooms or your house. Letââ¬â¢s say you decide to have a party at your house. You have an advantage because you do not necessarily have to hire a catering company. Instead you can show off your cooking skills, and impress your guests. Another reason is that most of your guest already knows your home location and it will be easy for your guest to find the birthday party. Also having a party at your home will save some budget as compared to renting a place. If you decide host a party at some type of venue then more goes into preparing your party. For example, you choose your house as the place for the party. On the other hand, if you have a good budget and your home cannot fit a lot of guests, then you probably need to rent a place such as a hall. Final step, you will need to have a budget. One of the worst things that could happen is you plan everything and realize you do not have enough money. A good budget will help you watch your expenses. For example, if your budget is $1,000. 00 dollars for a birthday party, you can spend $600. 00 on food, drinks, and supplies and $300. 00 for hiring a DJ and $100. 00 for decorations. In conclusion throwing birthday parties take lots of planning and time management. How to cite Planning a Birthday, Essay examples
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Human Resource Management Organisational Process
Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for Organisational Process. Answer: Introduction Organizational changes can be deemed as a major part of the progress of an organization. A span of time may arise when the need to restructure or reorganize becomes eminent. But it is to be duly noted that organizational changes should not be made only for the sake of making them, but taking into account the pros and cons of it, as well as a thorough analysis of how it will impact the organization is to be made before the implementation of these changes. In this report, the researcher discusses the Atlassian organization, which is an Australia-based software firm. The discussion would focus on the changes that this organization has brought about recently and its impact in terms of strategic focus and sustainability. The report also evaluates the success ratio that the implementation of the change has achieved along with the reason behind its implementation. Identification of an organization in Australia that has recently implemented a significant change Atlassian is a software organization, based in Australia which has very recently implemented a significant change in their organization. This significant change proved to be an essential factor in the growth of the organization, and this organizational change was named as performance management overhaul. This organization decided to entirely restructure their performance review system (Lusthaus, 2002). According to the administrative department of the organization, the bi-annual performance review system was not producing the desired results. The system was not suitable for the employees as well as it was largely infrequent, so the system was deemed as incompetent. Adding to these issues, as the employee's bonuses depended on upon the numeric performance ratings; the review system did not prove to be helpful at all as an employee with three rating and another with four rating did not have much difference in performance but their bonuses and payouts varied immensely. As a result of al l these issues, Atlassian changed this review pattern and introduced a brand new review model which comprised of more of a continuous system than a numeric one. The new review process involved performance reviews once in every month instead of a biannual formal review, and the whole process is now carried out in a one on one system involving the manager and an employee (Humphreys Brown, 2002). Fundamental points from the interview with the manager of the organization While preparing this report, the researcher conducted a survey interview with the departmental manager of the Atlassian organization, based in Australia, in order to procure his perspectives about the recently implemented organizational change. The manager was asked questions such as whether he was feeling comfortable with the new changes that were implemented, how did he think that the new changes will affect the organization and its employees, in his opinion what sort of impact the new changes could bring about in this competitive market. The key areas of discussion with the manager are elaborated in this section of the report (Carson, Carson, Fontenot, Burdin, 2005). The manager was primarily of the opinion that he was immensely comfortable with the implementation of the changes in the performance review process in the organization. He stressed that the employees were getting more and more agitated with the old bi-annual performance review system as the system was both incompetent and infrequent. The manager further clarified the fact that the introduction of the new performance management system has rejuvenated the employees of the organization for various reasons, the urge to perform has increased and a sense of healthy competition has developed in the organization as a result (KlovienÃâââ¬â, 2012). He was also of the opinion that the new changes will bring about higher rates of productivity from the employees which will, in turn, help the organization to strive in this competitive market. Explanation of the organizations change initiative in terms of strategic focus and competitive sustainability The administrative level management of Atlassian introduced a new less numeric and a more continuous performance review system. This change in the organizations approach brought about a sense of focus among the employees regarding their work and productivity for the organization. In terms of strategic focus, this organizational change ticked every box in a positive sense. As Atlassian did not change a particular aspect of the performance review system but restructured it entirely, it shifted the employee's focus and acted in a way of a support plan (Ravasi Phillips, 2011). Once the employees were comfortable with the more continuous performance review process, the working environment became alter which in turn resulted in a beneficiary way for the organization. In a nutshell, it can be easily stated that the strategy behind implementing the change was proven to be spot on (Lee, Ahn, Park, Park, 2016). As long as competitive sustainability is concerned, this organizational change played an essential part in that as well. Atlassian managed to attract more efficient and talented employees with this new system than the other software firms in Australia, and as a result, the productivity of the organization reached new benchmarks resulting in making Atlassian one of the leading software organizations in this part of the world. Explanation of the reason behind implementation of the change The performance management overhaul was performed by Atlassian in the year 2011. There were various reasons behind taking this huge step by the administrative department of the organization. The foremost reason behind the implementation of this organizational change was the internal observation by the management heads in the organization that the biannual performance reviews were a bit too formal and not so effective (Mazur, 2013). Further, the traditional rating based system was unjust in the viewpoint of the majority of the employees. As the performance review system was biannual, it was deemed as infrequent and was a cause of major concern for the employees. Another fundamental reason for bringing about change in the performance review system was the fact that it created a sense of disarray amongst the employees of the organization (Halachmi, 2002). Based on this review system the employee's bonuses were sanctioned, and as it was a traditionally numeric rating based concept, some of the employees were bound to get lesser payouts than the others, and by a very small margin of difference in performance. This scenario understandably created an undesirable working environment in the firm, and thus the administrative department of the Atlassian organization decided to implement this organizational change in order to get satisfactory results on every front (Schreider Mostovaia, 2001). Evaluation of the success brought about by the change or likelihood of success it is about to bring The introduction of the new performance review system has brought about a considerable amount of success for Atlassian organization, based in Australia. It can be clearly observed that after the year 2011, that is, after the implementation of the above mentioned organizational change, Atlassian went big and went on to be one of the leading software companies in the whole of Australia. Transparency between the employees and the employers became more evident after the implementation of the new performance review system and that helped in the organization's cause in an immense manner (Welch-Devine, 2012). Post implementation of the new performance review system, the performance bonuses were assigned in a justified manner and it pleased the employees of the firm. This scenario also brought the best out of the employees as they knew that their performance is getting noticed and monitored by the top level management and this, in turn, created a healthy competition between them in terms of improvement in performance and enhancement in productivity, in turn benefiting the organization as a whole (Hoontis Kim, 2012). In this way, it could be safely stated that the implementation of the mentioned organizational change has brought about immense success in terms of productivity and performance in the Atlassian organization and it is proven statistically as well, as after 2011 the organizations market took off immensely (Stetler, McQueen, Demakis, Mittman, 2008). Report to the CEO about the implementation of the change In this section of the discussion, the researcher is creating a brief report on the implementation of the change for the CEO of the Atlassian organization, based in Australia. From the thorough assessment of the traditional numeric rating based bi-annual performance review system, it can be observed that the system has proved to be inappropriate as it has failed to deliver the expected results. The employees of the organization were immensely unsatisfied with this system as well. In order to revive this scenario, a more continuous and a less numeric method of a performance review system is required, so that both the employees and the organization can benefit from the new system and the company could reach its desired potential in the near future. Conclusion Implementations of organizational changes are such high stake moves which can easily prove to be a make or break strategy for an organization. It is deemed as utterly necessary for the administrative heads of an organization, to judge the requirements before taking such steps otherwise it may prove to be fatal for the organization itself. This report can be concluded by stating the fact that the Australia-based software organization Atlassian, implemented the organizational change in the correct time using the correct approach and as a result, they have set a new benchmark of success for all the software based organizations in Australia. References Carson, K., Carson, P., Fontenot, G., Burdin, J. (2005). Structured Interview Questions for Selecting Productive, Emotionally Mature, and Helpful Employees.The Health Care Manager,24(3), 209-215. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200507000-00004 Halachmi, A. (2002). Performance Measurement, Accountability, and Improved Performance.Public Performance Management Review,25(4), 370-374. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2002.11643674 Hoontis, P. Kim, T. (2012). Antecedents to Municipal Performance Measurement Implementation.Public Performance Management Review,36(1), 158-173. https://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pmr1530-9576360108 Humphreys, M. Brown, A. (2002). 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